How to Say By in Spanish - Master the Preposition 'Por'
Updated for 2026, understanding how to say "by" in Spanish is crucial for mastering this versatile preposition. In English, the word "by" indicates the agent performing an action or the means by which something is done. In Spanish, you use "por" (IPA: /pɔr/) to convey similar meanings.
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Understanding "By" in Spanish: The Word 'Por'
The word "por" is a preposition in Spanish that can be used to express causation, duration of time, method of communication or transportation, rate or exchange, place or location, and gratitude or apology. Here are some common uses:
Meaning and Usage of 'Por'
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- Lo hice por amor.
- Expressing duration of time:
- Estuvo en el parque por dos horas.
- Expressing a method of communication or transportation:
- Prefiero hablar por teléfono.
- Expressing a rate or exchange:
- Te compro el coche por $5000.
- Expressing a place or location:
- Pasa por mi casa a las 7.
- Expressing gratitude or apology:
- Gracias por tu ayuda.
(I did it out of love).
(He was in the park for two hours.)
(I prefer to talk on the phone.)
(I'll buy your car for $5000.)
(Stop by my house at 7.)
(Thank you for your help.)
Note that the pronunciation of "por" is consistent across these meanings, but its usage and accompanying words can vary based on context.
Examples of 'Por' in Formal Writing
In formal writing, "por" often appears in contexts such as legal documents or academic papers. For example:
- El contrato fue firmado por ambas partes el día 15 de marzo.
(The contract was signed by both parties on March 15th.)
Comparison with Other Languages Like French or Italian
In other languages, the equivalent of "por" can vary. In French, you might use "par", and in Italian, "per". However, these words have different nuances compared to Spanish.
Common Mistakes When Using 'Por'
Learners often confuse "por" with other prepositions like "para," which means "for." For example:
- Mis amigos vinieron para ayudarme.
(My friends came to help me.)
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